Behaviorist
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Constructivist
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Teacher centered
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Learner centered
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Teacher as expert
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Teacher as member of learning community
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Teacher as dispenser of information
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Teacher as coach, mentor, and facilitator
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Learning as a solitary activity
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Learning as social, collaborative endeavor
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Assessment primarily through testing
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Assessment interwoven with teaching
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Emphasis on “covering” the material
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Emphasis on discovering and constructing knowledge
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Emphasis on short-term memorization
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Emphasis on application and understanding
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Strict adherence to fixed curriculum
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Pursuit of student questions highly valued
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Fly